Golf club loft degrees affect the trajectory of the ball. The greater the angle, the higher the flight. With the same amount of force per stroke, one can expect the travel distance to be shorter as well.
That’s because the force is effectively divided into two directions. One pushing the ball forward and one pushing the ball upward. Going upward more means going forward less. This is ideal in some situations.
For example, the ball might be below a steep hill and you want to take it to the top of the mound. You will need to select a golf club with enough loft angle to get you there. The biggest angles can be found in clubs called wedges.
This can be a tricky shot so golfers must train for them to improve their technique and confidence in case they ever need to use it in a game.